I.R. Iran and Selected Countries’ Military Expenditures Optimization: Army Curve Approach
Shahabeddin
Fouladi Moghaddam
M.A. in economics, Allameh Tabatabaei
author
Soheil
Fattahi
M.A. in economics, Allameh Tabatabaei
author
Mir Hassan
Ghavami
Assistant professor, Faculty of Allameh Tabatabaei University
author
text
article
2017
per
In a world of war and violence, it’s essential to study about defense and security. Security is cornerstone of development, so military expenditures of any country plays an economic role other that providing security. This paper aims to find the optimal amount of I.R. Iran’s optimal military expenditures and also find the gap between current and optimum expenditures. We first examine the effect of military expenditures on selected countries GDP using fixed effect panel data regression and then estimate the optimal military expenditures of I.R. Iran using Army curve model. Hausman and F.limer tests confirms the used model. The study covers the 1990 to 2016 period. Results show that Iran’s military expenditures is lower that its optimum level.
Defense Economics
Defense Economics Scientific Association of Iran
2538-2454
2
v.
3
no.
2017
11
26
https://eghtesad.sndu.ac.ir/article_461_1ba1704352e02d7c261200a383f7cc08.pdf
The Effect of Military Expenditures on Human Developement based on the Selected Countries’ Level of Developement with an Emphasis On Islamic Republic of Iran
Hassan
Molla Esmaeili Dehshiri
PHD in Economics, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Science and Research Branch
author
Farhad
Ghaffari
Associate Professor, Faculty of Islamic Azad University, Tehran Science and Research Branch
author
text
article
2017
per
One of the main economic goals of any country is to develop social welfare and maintain sustainable development which neither of those is possible unless human developement uccures. Government Expenditures is an effective factor of human developement. The effect of government expenditures, especially defense expenditures on economic variables have always been important in the fields of economics and defense economics which their interaction determines the level of this effect. Considering the high importance of this field, in this paper we survey the effects of military expenditures on human developement of four groups of countries with different levels of development during 2000 to 2015 using panel data analysis. Results show that in countries with very high level of human developement (HDI>0.8) and moderate levels of developement (0.5<HDI<0.7) military expenditures has a significant and negative effect on human developement. This effect is significantly positive for countries with high levels of human developement (0.7<HDI<0.8) including Iran. The effect is insignificant for countries with HDI lower than 0.5.
Defense Economics
Defense Economics Scientific Association of Iran
2538-2454
2
v.
3
no.
2017
27
41
https://eghtesad.sndu.ac.ir/article_462_4f4ebc9378ae1f7633768034b0cf4c73.pdf
Estimating Iran’s Military Expenditures Demand Function
Sina
Enayatollahi
M.A. in financial mathematics, Allameh Tabatabaei University
author
Masoud
Baghestani Meybodii
P.H.D. in Economics, Faculty at Islamic Azad University, Yadegar Imam Branch
author
text
article
2017
per
Military expenditures are of the most important expenditures which any country has to pay attention to it in order to protect its security and homeland. There are different factors including national income, population, strategic situation and neighbor countries’ military expenditues that affect military expenditures of a country. Considering this, we try to estimate Iran’s military expenditures demand function using factors such as GDP, oil exports income, population, military expenditures of Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Israel and Pakistan, and the dummy variable of U.S. army presence in the region during Afghanistan war. The demand function was estimated for the period 1980 to 2015 using ARDL regression analysis. Results show that the effect of Pakistan and Turkey military expenditures is negative on Iran’s military expenditures and an increase in Israel and Saudi Arabia’s military expenditures increases Iran’s expenditures on this matter. GDP has a negative effect on this. The effect of population and the dummy variable is also positive on military expenditures
Defense Economics
Defense Economics Scientific Association of Iran
2538-2454
2
v.
3
no.
2017
43
58
https://eghtesad.sndu.ac.ir/article_463_b320f73a09d61260c64535ab682a1371.pdf
Investigating the Role of Resistive Economy in Defensive Industry with an Emphasis on Technology Developement
Hamid
Khazaeil
PHD Canditate in Strateging Managament, National Defense Supreme University
author
Mohammad Reza
Ranjbar Fallah
Assistant professor at payam Noor University
author
text
article
2017
per
This study aims to investigate the role of Resistive Economy in defense sector with an emphasis on technology developement. The research is descriptive and based on correlation analysis. The study society contains 126 people in which 95 of them were selected as sample. The questionnaire was answerd by this group and answers were analyzed. Questionnaire stability was calculated by the mehtod of krunbach alpha for resistive economy and defense industry variables as 0.68 and 0.78. We used SPSS software and correlation tests to analyze the data. Results show that the most Important challenge of defense industry for the developement of technology is on one hand resource scarcity and on the other hand increasing number of required technologies. Defensive industry can help the country in transition to resistive economy paradigm through overflows of technology, investment security, stimulating knowledge based demand and helping institutional innovation
Defense Economics
Defense Economics Scientific Association of Iran
2538-2454
2
v.
3
no.
2017
59
77
https://eghtesad.sndu.ac.ir/article_464_70a9dd6364cac7ba5c1e583a6c117312.pdf
Syndicate and Partnership Finance of Military Projects
Davoud
Ali Akbari
M.A. in Economics, Tehran University
author
Mohammad Rahim
Ahmadvand
M.A. in Economics, Tehran University
author
text
article
2017
per
National security and authorization is guranteed by executing military projects, while many of such projects face lack of funds. Syndicate and partnership finance which utilize resources out of defined budget for such projects, can solve this problem. In syndicate finance model, investee reaches a bank and that bank gathers a syndicate of banks and every one of those banks will have a direct contract with investee. In partnership finance model, the main bank pays the whole loan and then tranfers fractions of the loan to other banks. In this model, the secondary bank doesn’t have a direct contract with investee. Utilizing these loans requires legal and economic infrastructures in defense sector. This infrastructure reqires reguation of government guarantee for syndicate and partnership loans in defense sector, compiling a general strategic plan in providing military equipment, compiling defense general offset system, establishing defense contract companyand outsourcing military projects.
Defense Economics
Defense Economics Scientific Association of Iran
2538-2454
2
v.
3
no.
2017
79
96
https://eghtesad.sndu.ac.ir/article_465_53fa8a7a88125dfa9948a2e2cff1f68d.pdf
The Projection of Resistive Economy in Defense Industry based on Lafelli Model (Win Game)
Arman
Azarli
PHD Candidate in Strategic Management, National Defense Supreme University
author
Dariush
Jafarzadeh
PHD Candidate in Strategic Management, National Defense Supreme University
author
Naser
Poursadegh
Faculty member of Supreme National Defence University
author
text
article
2017
per
Since 1392 and after the provision of resistive economy policies, many have tried to compile the factors of this economic paradigm including policies, approaches, objects, strategies, necessities and indices. But projection of these factors in different sectors including “defense industries” requires a generalized and explanatory approach based on a unanimous and applicable approach. This study tries to reconsider the resistive economy paradigm using Lafelli model which is a powerfull model in compiling unanimous choice chains and getting successful in competition condition. In this procedure, results of library studies (factors of resistive economy) were evaluated and concluted to be true, using Delphie technique and the cooperation on experts in fields of management, defense and economics.
Defense Economics
Defense Economics Scientific Association of Iran
2538-2454
2
v.
3
no.
2017
97
116
https://eghtesad.sndu.ac.ir/article_466_22508f4b293a6c74c811f5aa9bec88ec.pdf